• Diabetes
• Weight Management

Rybelsus Side Effects and Risk Factors

Medically reviewed and edited by Jeffrey Vacek, DNP, FNP-C

Rybelsus – also known by its generic name semaglutide – is an innovative medication used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. As with any pharmaceutical, it’s essential for patients and healthcare professionals alike to be aware of potential side effects associated with Rybelsus.

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What is Rybelsus?

Rybelsus belongs to a class of medications known as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Its primary mechanism of action involves mimicking the effects of the naturally occurring hormone GLP-1, which regulates blood sugar levels.

By stimulating insulin secretion and reducing glucagon production, Rybelsus helps control blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Risk Factors Associated with Rybelsus Use

Recognizing the potential risk factors associated with Rybelsus is important in managing type 2 diabetes. The potential side effects of Rybelsus may differ from person to person, and some may experience no side effects at all. Be sure to maintain open communication with your healthcare provider for proper monitoring of side effects (if any).

History of pancreatitis

People with a history of pancreatitis may be at an increased risk when using Rybelsus.

Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas and can lead to severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Considering the potential exacerbation of pancreatitis, healthcare providers carefully evaluate a patient's medical history before prescribing Rybelsus.

Patients with a previous episode of pancreatitis may need alternative diabetes management strategies.

Family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)

A family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma – a rare form of thyroid cancer – is another important consideration. Rybelsus has been associated with an increased risk of MTC in animal studies, although the clinical significance of this finding in humans is not fully understood.

Patients with a family history of MTC or those with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2) may require careful monitoring and alternative treatment options.

Renal impairment

Patients with renal impairment need special attention when it comes to Rybelsus use. The kidneys play a crucial role in the excretion of medications, and impaired renal function may affect the clearance of Rybelsus from the body.

Healthcare providers often adjust the dosage or consider alternative medications in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment to prevent the accumulation of the drug and potential adverse effects.

Hypoglycemia risk

While hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is a potential side effect of many diabetes medications, it's essential to consider individual patient factors that may increase the risk.

Patients who are at risk of hypoglycemia, such as the elderly or those with erratic eating patterns, may need closer monitoring and adjustments in their diabetes management plan to minimize the risk of low blood sugar events.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

The safety of Rybelsus during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well-established. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals are generally advised to exercise caution when using Rybelsus, and alternative diabetes management strategies may be considered.

Healthcare providers carefully weigh the potential risks and benefits for both the mother and the unborn or nursing child before prescribing Rybelsus in such cases.

Gastrointestinal issues

Rybelsus has been associated with gastrointestinal side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Those with a history of significant gastrointestinal issues or those prone to such symptoms may experience increased discomfort.

Other medications and interactions

The potential for drug interactions is an important consideration when prescribing Rybelsus. Certain medications may interact with Rybelsus, affecting its efficacy or increasing the risk of adverse effects.

Your healthcare providers will carefully review your complete medication list to identify potential interactions and make adjustments as needed.

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Side Effects of Rybelsus

Like many medications, Rybelsus can cause side effects, which can vary from person to person.

Common side effects

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Abdominal pain

• Constipation

• Weight loss

Keep in mind that Rybelsus is not FDA-approved for weight loss.

However, it is worth noting that using Rybelsus for diabetes management can often result in weight loss, which can be seen as a beneficial side effect for those with concurrent conditions.

Nevertheless, if a doctor deems it appropriate, they may prescribe it for weight loss purposes under "off-label" use.

Can Rybelsus cause hair loss?

No studies have indicated that Rybelsus is associated with hair loss. However, it's important to note that hair loss can be a symptom of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The potential causes of hair loss in individuals with diabetes include hormonal imbalances, impaired blood circulation due to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels), and autoimmune disorders.

Hair loss can have various causes, and not everyone with diabetes will experience this symptom.

Does Rybelsus cause fatigue?

Fatigue is not included in the potential side effects of taking Rybelsus, though other medication treatments for diabetes such as metformin and insulin can cause tiredness.

If you have specific concerns about fatigue or are experiencing unusual symptoms while taking Rybelsus, it's recommended to consult with your healthcare provider.

Severe side effects

In addition to the more common side effects, there are rare but more severe reactions associated with Rybelsus use. These may include:

• Hypoglycemia (though less common) is a potentially serious side effect associated with Rybelsus use. When experiencing hypoglycemia, individuals may notice symptoms such as dizziness, confusion, sweating, and fainting.

• Pancreatitis is a rare but severe side effect linked to Rybelsus use. Those experiencing pancreatitis may encounter symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

• Allergic reactions can occur with Rybelsus use and may present with various symptoms. These can include a skin rash or hives, itching, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, and difficulty breathing.

• Instances of short-term kidney damage and the exacerbation of pre-existing long-term kidney disease have been reported in association with the use of Rybelsus.

If you are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above while taking Rybelsus, it's recommended to consult with your healthcare provider.

Rybelsus Side Effects Management

Managing Rybelsus side effects involves a collaborative effort between patients and healthcare professionals. By adopting an individualized approach, staying vigilant for symptoms, and maintaining open communication, you can manage diabetes effectively while using Rybelsus.

How Long Do Rybelsus Side Effects Last?

Rybelsus side effects are often mild and transient, resolving on their own as the body adjusts to the medication. Patients are advised to take Rybelsus with a glass of water and remain in an upright position for at least 30 minutes after ingestion to minimize the risk of side effects. In many cases, these side effects diminish over time.

If you are experiencing persistent or severe side effects, be sure to consult with your healthcare provider. They can assess your specific situation, provide guidance on managing side effects and determine if any adjustments to your treatment plan are necessary.

Where can I Learn More About Rybelsus?

Rybelsus represents a valuable addition to the arsenal of medications available for managing type 2 diabetes. While it offers significant benefits in terms of blood sugar control and potential weight loss, it is crucial to acknowledge and address the potential side effects associated with its use.

LifeMD can connect you to a team of healthcare professionals who can provide guidance on how to use Rybelsus and its side effects — whether you’re trying to lose weight, manage diabetes, or simply make better choices for your health.

Jeffrey Vacek, DNP, FNP-C

Jeffrey graduated from Missouri State University with his Doctor of Nursing Practice and a specialization in Family Nurse Practitioner. He has practiced in primary care for the past seven years, with a focus on telehealth the past three years. Outside of work, Jeffrey keeps busy playing disc golf and pickleball with his wife and five children. He is also an avid reader, often finishing two to three books per week.

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