• Complementary and Alternative Medicine
• Heartburn

Does Baking Soda Help Relieve Heartburn?

Published: March 21, 2025
Updated: March 21, 2025
4 mins

Heartburn is a burning sensation in the chest caused by stomach acid rising into the esophagus. It often occurs after eating, lying down, or consuming trigger foods like spicy or fatty meals. Acid reflux, the underlying cause of heartburn, happens when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) doesn’t close properly, allowing acid to escape from the stomach. Occasional heartburn is common, but frequent episodes may indicate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Baking soda – or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) – is a well-known home remedy for heartburn. Because it’s an alkaline substance, it can neutralize stomach acid and provide temporary relief. Many people mix baking soda with water to create a quick-acting antacid, but its effectiveness and safety depend on how it’s used.

In many cases, baking soda can provide short-term relief by counteracting excess acid. However, it’s not a long-term solution, and excessive use can lead to unwanted side effects. Understanding how it works, how to use it safely, and when to consider alternatives is key to making an informed decision.

How Baking Soda Works for Heartburn

Baking soda is a naturally occurring compound with alkaline properties. When mixed with water, it dissolves into sodium and bicarbonate ions, creating a mild base that can counteract stomach acid.

When consumed, baking soda reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach, producing carbon dioxide (CO₂), water, and salt. This reaction temporarily raises the stomach’s pH, neutralizing excess acid and providing relief from the burning sensation of heartburn. The bubbling or fizzing effect that some people notice when drinking dissolved baking soda is due to the release of CO₂ gas.

While baking soda can offer quick relief for occasional heartburn, it is not a sustainable solution for frequent acid reflux. Overuse may lead to side effects like bloating, gas, and electrolyte imbalances due to its high sodium content. Unlike medications designed for long-term acid reflux management – such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 blockers – baking soda does not reduce acid production or address the root cause of reflux. Therefore, it should only be used sparingly and as a short-term remedy.

Is Baking Soda Effective for Heartburn and Acid Reflux?

Many people find that mixing baking soda with water can quickly ease the burning sensation in the chest caused by acid reflux. However, its effectiveness depends on the severity and frequency of symptoms.

For mild, occasional heartburn, baking soda can be a quick and inexpensive solution. It works rapidly to neutralize acid, providing temporary relief. However, for frequent or severe acid reflux – such as GERD – baking soda is not a long-term solution. Because it only neutralizes acid temporarily, symptoms may return once stomach acid rebuilds. Additionally, the carbon dioxide released during the reaction can lead to increased gas and bloating, which may worsen reflux symptoms in some people.

When compared to over-the-counter (OTC) treatments, baking soda has its limitations. Antacids like Tums, Pepcid AC, and Maalox work similarly by neutralizing stomach acid but often contain added ingredients to reduce bloating or coat the esophagus for extra relief. H2 blockers (e.g., famotidine) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (e.g., omeprazole) work by reducing acid production rather than simply neutralizing it, making them more effective for chronic acid reflux. While baking soda can provide immediate relief, it does not address the underlying issue of acid overproduction, making it less suitable for long-term use.

How to Use Baking Soda for Heartburn

The most common way to use baking soda for heartburn is by dissolving it in water. This mixture helps neutralize stomach acid and may provide quick relief from the burning sensation in the chest or throat.

How much baking soda for heartburn?

A general guideline is to mix ½ teaspoon of baking soda with four to eight ounces of water and drink it slowly. This allows the baking soda to work effectively without overwhelming the stomach. If needed, a second dose can be taken later, but no more than 3½ teaspoons per day should be consumed.

Instructions for dissolving baking soda properly

To ensure effectiveness and reduce the risk of side effects:

1. Measure the baking soda accurately – Too much can lead to digestive discomfort or electrolyte imbalances.

2. Use cool or room-temperature water – Warm water can cause excessive fizzing.

3. Stir thoroughly until the baking soda is completely dissolved.

4. Drink slowly to avoid gas buildup and bloating.

Precautions to consider before trying this remedy

• High sodium content: Baking soda contains a significant amount of sodium, which can be problematic for those with high blood pressure, heart disease, or kidney issues.

• Gas and bloating: The reaction between baking soda and stomach acid produces carbon dioxide, which can cause burping, bloating, and discomfort.

• Risk of overuse: Frequent use may disrupt the body's acid balance and lead to alkalosis, a condition caused by excessive alkalinity in the blood.

• Not a long-term solution: If you experience frequent heartburn or acid reflux, consult a doctor for safer and more sustainable treatment options.

Potential Side Effects of Using Baking Soda for Heartburn

While baking soda can provide temporary relief for heartburn, it is not without risks. Using it too often or in excessive amounts can lead to unwanted side effects and health concerns.

Common concerns

• Bloating and gas: The reaction between baking soda and stomach acid produces carbon dioxide, which can cause burping, bloating, and stomach discomfort.

• Increased sodium intake: Baking soda is high in sodium, with about 616 mg per ½ teaspoon. Excessive sodium intake can contribute to high blood pressure and fluid retention, particularly in those with existing cardiovascular issues.

• Temporary relief, potential rebound acidity: While baking soda neutralizes acid, the stomach may respond by producing even more acid later, potentially worsening symptoms over time.

Risks of overuse

• Electrolyte imbalances: Frequent use of baking soda can disrupt sodium, potassium, and calcium levels in the body, leading to muscle weakness, confusion, or irregular heart rhythms.

• Alkalosis (high blood alkalinity): Overuse can make the blood too alkaline, causing nausea, vomiting, muscle twitching, and even serious complications like respiratory depression.

• Kidney strain:  The kidneys must work harder to process excess sodium and bicarbonate, which can be problematic for those with kidney disease.

Who Should Avoid Using Baking Soda for Heartburn?

• Pregnant women: High sodium levels can cause water retention and increase blood pressure, which may be unsafe during pregnancy.

• People with high blood pressure or heart disease: The sodium content in baking soda can worsen hypertension and cardiovascular conditions.

• Individuals with kidney disease: The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering sodium and maintaining acid-base balance, and excessive baking soda can put undue stress on them.

• Those on sodium-restricted diets: If you’ve been advised to limit salt intake, using baking soda for heartburn may not be a safe option.

While baking soda can offer quick relief, it’s best used sparingly. For frequent heartburn or acid reflux, consulting a healthcare provider for safer, long-term treatment options is recommended.

Alternatives to Baking Soda for Heartburn Relief

While baking soda can provide quick relief, it’s not the best long-term solution for heartburn or acid reflux. Safer and more sustainable alternatives focus on addressing the root causes rather than just neutralizing acid temporarily. These alternatives include:

• Eating smaller, more frequent meals: Large meals put extra pressure on the stomach, increasing the risk of acid reflux.

• Avoid trigger foods: Spicy, fatty, and acidic foods (like citrus, tomatoes, and coffee) can worsen symptoms.

• Limit alcohol and caffeine: Both can relax the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), allowing acid to flow back up.

• Stay upright after eating: Lying down too soon after a meal can make reflux worse; waiting at least two to three hours before lying down helps.

• Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight puts pressure on the stomach, which can push acid into the esophagus.

• Sleep with your head elevated: Using a wedge pillow or raising the head of your bed can help keep acid down while you sleep.

While these alternatives offer safer and more effective relief, persistent heartburn may signal an underlying condition that requires medical attention. If symptoms occur frequently, consulting a doctor can help determine the best treatment plan.

How LifeMD Can Help

With LifeMD, you’ll have access to expert care from licensed healthcare professionals who can guide you on indigestion concerns and provide information about heartburn symptoms and how to manage them. A healthcare provider may even be able to recommend OTC treatment or prescribe medication, if clinically appropriate.

Make a virtual appointment today to find out how LifeMD can help you take control of your health.

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