• Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
• Vaginal Changes
• Vaginal Discharge

Understanding Bacterial Vaginosis Symptoms

Medically reviewed and edited by Dina Whiteaker, APRN

Bacterial vaginosis occurs in almost all women, especially those who are sexually active. Like many other infections to the vagina, BV is caused by an overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vaginal microbiome.

This imbalance can be caused by a variety of factors such as having new or multiple sexual partners, douching, or failing to use condoms. While BV is not a sexually transmitted infection, sexual activity can increase the likelihood of contracting this infection.

It is very possible to have BV and not experience any symptoms, but there are some common symptoms to look out for that may prove to be bacterial vaginosis.

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Smell: A Prominent Symptom of BV

The most prevalent and distinguishable symptom of bacterial vaginosis is a fishy or foul-smelling odor of the vagina. This odor is intensified after sex or during menstruation.

The protective bacteria in the vagina – otherwise known as lactobacilli – becomes overwhelmed by an influx of “bad” bacteria. This is usually caused by a new sexual partner or having multiple sexual partners. When this occurs, the pH levels in the vagina become imbalanced, resulting in foul-smelling discharge.

Common BV Symptoms: Bleeding, Itching, and Cramps

Besides odor, there are some other symptoms that are common with BV. Identifying the signs early will enable you to seek prompt medical attention so you can find relief from any pain or discomfort. Additionally, it can help you avoid possible complications that may arise when BV is left untreated.

Can BV Cause Bleeding?

A more rare symptom of BV is abnormal vaginal bleeding. For women with BV, light spotting can occur between menstrual cycles or after sex. If more substantial bleeding occurs, it may be a sign of a bigger issue, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Can BV Cause Itching?

Itching and irritation in the vaginal area can also be symptoms of BV. Douching or using scented soaps as means to relieve the discomfort or redness of the vagina can cause further irritation. These methods may also introduce additional bacteria into the vagina, further disrupting the pH levels and worsening the BV infection.

Some home remedies that can help to temporarily relieve your BV-related itching include:

• Applying a cold compress

• Eating probiotics – such as yogurt – to restore the balance of good and harmful bacteria

• Avoiding unnatural hygiene products, even if they are specifically promoted as safe for feminine hygiene

Remember to talk to a licensed medical professional before trying any at-home remedies for your BV symptoms. With LifeMD, you can comfortably discuss these intimate issues from the privacy of your home. Head over to LifeMD today to make an appointment with a doctor or nurse practitioner.

Can BV Cause Cramps?

While cramping or abdominal pain may occur in some cases of BV, they are not as common as other symptoms. Cramps or abdominal pain may be a sign of a different infection or health issue. Make an appointment with a medical professional if you are experiencing abdominal or vaginal pain.

Unlikely BV Symptoms: Sores and Pelvic Pain

There is no evidence that BV causes sores or ulcers in the vaginal area. These symptoms are usually due to infections such as herpes or a yeast infection.

Pelvic pain can be a symptom of BV, but it is very rare. In extreme cases, BV that has gone untreated may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, make an appointment with LifeMD, as you may have a more serious infection. A licensed healthcare provider can talk through your symptoms with you and determine next steps.

Does BV Cause Infertility?

Untreated or recurrent BV has been linked to infertility in women. Tubal infertility – a blockage in the fallopian tubes that prevents the egg and sperm from meeting – is the most common form of infertility due to BV.

Bacterial vaginosis can also cause inflammation to the vagina and affect the quality of cervical mucus. Because the vagina’s natural flora is disrupted during an infection of BV, the functionality of the vagina and the female reproductive tract may be affected.

The disruption of the natural balance of the vaginal environment can potentially hinder conception.

Untreated infections of bacterial vaginosis can result in PID, which is also a leading cause of infertility in women.

BV Symptoms During Pregnancy

Pregnant women are more likely to get BV because of hormonal changes in their bodies. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 25% of pregnant women will be affected by BV.

The risks for pregnant women with BV include increased likelihood of a preterm birth or delivering a baby with a low birth weight. To ensure a healthy pregnancy, regular prenatal care is essential. Even if you are not experiencing any symptoms of

Differentiating BV Symptoms from UTI Symptoms

Along with BV, UTIs are some of the most common infections in women. However, BV only affects women while a UTI can affect anybody. While it can be difficult to tell these infections apart, there are some key differences between BV symptoms and the symptoms of a UTI.

In most cases, BV results in no symptoms or just mild symptoms primarily affecting the vagina. UTIs can affect any part of the urinary tract and can cause more severe symptoms.

Receiving an accurate diagnosis from a licensed medical professional can help you get the appropriate treatment. Head over to LifeMD if you suspect you need BV treatment or UTI treatment.

When Should I See a Doctor About BV Symptoms?

As soon as you detect any symptoms that could be BV, schedule an online appointment with a doctor or nurse practitioner. Learning more about BV will enable you to recognize BV symptoms. Seeking timely medical attention can decrease your risk of complications.

Regular visits to the gynecologist and practicing good vaginal hygiene are great ways to help prevent BV or other infections.

To learn more about bacterial vaginosis or to get treatment, schedule an appointment with LifeMD today.

With LifeMD, appointments are made easy; no in-person visits to the doctor’s office, but you still get the care you need. After your appointment, your doctor may send a prescription to your nearest pharmacy for pickup.

Dina Whiteaker, APRN

Dina earned her MSN from the University of Nebraska Medical Center before becoming a Family Nurse Practitioner. She has 10ᐩ years of telemedicine experience. Dina is board certified and is a member of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners.

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