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HPV Vaccine Side Effects You Should Know About

Medically reviewed and edited by Dr. Anthony Puopolo

What is HPV and How Do You Get it?

HPV — or human papillomavirus — is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that typically causes genital warts to form. In severe cases, HPV can also cause certain types of cancers.

Many people who are sexually active will contract HPV at some point in their lifetime through vaginal, anal, or oral sex.

Although HPV is often asymptomatic, you may experience any of the following if you’ve been infected:

• Warts, lumps, and other growths on the genitals and anus

• Pain or discomfort during sex

• Unusual genital discharge

• Abnormal bleeding between periods

It’s important to seek medical attention if you suspect that you have HPV, since early intervention is essential for preventing more serious complications.

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Why Should You Get The HPV Vaccine?

The HPV vaccine is one of the most effective ways to prevent an infection from occurring in the first place.

If HPV infections don’t develop, you also won’t be at risk of developing related health conditions like cervical cancer that may be life-threatening.

It’s recommended that both men and women get vaccinated against HPV, and it’s typically given to people before they become sexually active.

However, the vaccine can still be effective if you receive it later in life.

Does the HPV Vaccine Cause Any Side Effects?

Like all vaccines, the HPV vaccines can cause side effects. However, the side effects are usually mild and go away on their own within a few days.

In very rare cases, serious allergic reactions may occur. Let's take a closer look at the potential side effects of the HPV vaccine.

Potential mild side effects

Mild side effects are the most common among people who get vaccinated against HPV. After having received the vaccine, you may experience the following:

• Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site

• Headache

• Fever

• Nausea

• Dizziness

• Fatigue

• Muscle or joint pain

• Diarrhea

• Vomiting

• Abdominal pain

• Itching or a rash at the injection site

These side effects will typically resolve on their own. Your doctor may also prescribe over-the-counter (OTC) medications to help relieve any pain and swelling.

Potential severe side effects

In very rare cases, the HPV vaccine can cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). Symptoms of anaphylaxis may include:

• Difficulty breathing

• Swelling of the face or throat

• Rapid heartbeat

• Dizziness

It's important to seek medical attention right away if you experience any of these symptoms after you’ve received the HPV vaccine.

Severe allergic reactions can be life-threatening and require professional care to prevent serious consequences.

Can HPV Vaccine Side Effects be Prevented?

While it is not possible to completely prevent side effects from the HPV vaccine, there are some steps you can take to reduce your risk of experiencing them.

You can try taking an OTC pain reliever — such as ibuprofen — before and after the vaccine to help reduce pain and inflammation at the injection site.

Applying a cold compress to the injection site may also help reduce swelling.

It’s also important to stay hydrated and get plenty of rest after you’ve received the HPV vaccine. This can help your body recover more quickly from any side effects you may experience.

If you’re concerned about any HPV vaccine side effects or want to know what you can do to manage them, it’s recommended to speak to your doctor beforehand.

When Should I Seek Medical Attention About HPV Vaccine Side Effects?

In most cases, side effects from the HPV vaccine aren’t cause for concern and won’t require professional medical care.

However, if your side effects don’t resolve or get worse, you should make an appointment to see your doctor.

You should also seek emergency medical attention if you experience any symptoms that may indicate an allergic reaction, as this could be life-threatening.

How Long Does Protection from the HPV Vaccine Last?

The HPV vaccine protects you for a long time and it’s not usually necessary for an annual shot.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Protection (CDC), an HPV infection can be prevented for up to 12 years after you’ve received the vaccine.

It’s recommended to get another HPV vaccination after 12 years to ensure you stay protected from infection and to prevent diseases like anal and cervical cancers.

Where Can I Get Professional Care for HPV Vaccine Side Effects?

If you are concerned about any of your side effects after being vaccinated against HPV or want more information before going for your shot, you can speak to a board-certified physician or nurse practitioner from the comfort of your home.

Head over to LifeMD to schedule a telehealth appointment.

Dr. Anthony Puopolo

Dr. Puopolo holds a B.A. in Biology from Tufts University, M.A. in Biology from Boston University, and Doctor of Medicine from the Boston University School of Medicine. He also completed a Family Medicine and Psychiatry residency program in the U.S. Army.

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