• Mental Health

Dementia vs. Alzheimer’s Disease Differences in Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Published: February 10, 2025
Updated: February 10, 2025
4 mins

Dementia is a health condition that continues to grow in the U.S. In the next 35 years, the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is expected to double. 

Many people use the term Alzheimer’s disease and dementia interchangeably. Dementia is the term for a group of conditions that lead to cognitive decline. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. 

Alzheimer’s and other types of dementia are conditions that gradually worsen over time. Health experts have still not found a cure for dementia. However, more research is being studied every day to learn more about methods to slow its progression.

What is Dementia?

Dementia is a neurological condition that leads to a gradual loss of cognitive functioning. This can lead to problems with memory, thinking, reasoning, and completing daily tasks. 

While dementia is not a natural part of aging, it’s most common in people over the age of 65. Dementia is caused by changes in the brain leading to damage to nerve endings and normal brain function. 

Who is at Risk for Early Onset Dementia?

The rate of progression for dementia is different for everyone. Some people may have a faster decline than others soon after diagnosis.

The three main stages of dementia are early, middle, and late-stage dementia. Certain health conditions and socioeconomic factors can increase the risk of early-onset dementia.

African-American, Indigenous, and Hispanic populations are at an increased risk of developing dementia early in the U.S. Many health experts currently believe health disparities play a role in diagnoses in these groups.

Health experts also believe that the prevalence of heart conditions and environmental pollution may gradually increase the risk of neurological decline related to dementia.

Health complications often associated with dementia include:

• Vitamin D deficiency

• A history of a stroke

• Social isolation

• Alcohol use disorder

• Brain injury

• Diabetes

• Genetics

• Hearing issues

What are the Symptoms of Dementia?

The first sign of Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia is typically observed by someone else. A family member or friend may notice their loved one having problems remembering things or focusing on one particular activity.

Other symptoms of different types of dementia may include:

• Balance issues

• Trembling

• Hallucinations

• Trouble sleeping

• Confusion

• Staring absent-mindedly

How is Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosed?

Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia can be diagnosed with tests that take a look at brain function and changes in overall health. 

A healthcare provider may first perform an assessment of medical history and diagnostic tests. Next, a healthcare provider may perform the following tests:

• Blood tests

• Neurological exam

• Depression screening

• CT (computed tomography) scan

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

If they suspect a person has Alzheimer’s disease or other types of dementia, they may request a follow-up appointment to continue to monitor any changes.

What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Health experts do not yet know the exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease. However, health experts suspect that genetics and lifestyle factors both play a role in the development of this type of dementia. 

Those who have close family members with Alzheimer’s disease are more likely than others to develop this type of dementia. As Alzheimer’s disease progresses, the person may experience more confusion and frustration with tasks they were once used to doing.

In the most advanced stage of Alzheimer’s disease, they may forget how to swallow, speak, or walk. Gradually, people with Alzheimer’s disease require around-the-clock care to help them with everyday activities like eating and taking a shower.

What are Other Types of Dementia?

Other types of dementia that exist include:

• Vascular dementia: This is the second most common type of dementia. It’s caused by changes in blood flow and damage to the blood vessels from health conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol.

• Frontotemporal dementia: This type of dementia affects the frontal and temporal lobes in the brain. The first sign is often personality changes and communication problems.

• Lewy body dementia: Health experts do not yet know what increases someone’s risk of Lewy body dementia. It’s caused by deposits of the protein Lewy body in the brain.

• Mixed dementia: Some people may develop more than one type of dementia at the same time.

• Alcohol-related dementia: Drinking alcohol excessively for years can lead to brain damage that leads to long-term changes to brain function.

Is Dementia Preventable?

There is not yet a cure for dementia. Instead, treatment consists of making the person comfortable and providing more support as symptoms worsen.

While many environmental factors that contribute to the development of dementia cannot be prevented, incorporating certain healthy habits into everyday life can help slow the progression of dementia. 

To prevent dementia or slow its progression, consider the following:

• Eating a well-balanced diet of fruits and vegetables

• Getting an adequate amount of physical activity

• Maintaining a sleep schedule

• Avoiding overconsumption of alcohol

• Keeping blood pressure levels in a healthy range

• Having healthy friendships and family connections

Several studies have found that mental health plays a key role in long-term health. Depression and social isolation can also contribute to dementia. Chronic stress may contribute to the development of dementia over time. 

Consider incorporating meditation and mindfulness techniques to reduce stress. Taking long walks or spending time with loved ones can also help relieve stress.

Where Can I Learn More About Preventing Alzheimer’s Disease?

At LifeMD, you can speak with a licensed healthcare provider about the next steps when you notice a loved one or yourself having problems with your memory.

Book an appointment today to learn more about ways to keep your brain healthy.

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